#### 24.8.3 Using `sigsuspend`

The clean and reliable way to wait for a signal to arrive is to block it and then use `sigsuspend`. By using `sigsuspend` in a loop, you can wait for certain kinds of signals, while letting other kinds of signals be handled by their handlers.

— Function: int sigsuspend (const sigset_t *set)

> This function replaces the process's signal mask with set and then suspends the process until a signal is delivered whose action is either to terminate the process or invoke a signal handling function. In other words, the program is effectively suspended until one of the signals that is not a member of set arrives.

> If the process is woken up by delivery of a signal that invokes a handler function, and the handler function returns, then `sigsuspend` also returns.

> The mask remains set only as long as `sigsuspend` is waiting. The function `sigsuspend` always restores the previous signal mask when it returns.

> The return value and error conditions are the same as for `pause`.

With `sigsuspend`, you can replace the `pause` or `sleep` loop in the previous section with something completely reliable:

         sigset_t mask, oldmask;

         ...

         /* Set up the mask of signals to temporarily block. */
         sigemptyset (&mask);
         sigaddset (&mask, SIGUSR1);

         ...

         /* Wait for a signal to arrive. */
         sigprocmask (SIG_BLOCK, &mask, &oldmask);
         while (!usr_interrupt)
           sigsuspend (&oldmask);
         sigprocmask (SIG_UNBLOCK, &mask, NULL);

This last piece of code is a little tricky. The key point to remember here is that when `sigsuspend` returns, it resets the process's signal mask to the original value, the value from before the call to `sigsuspend`—in this case, the `SIGUSR1` signal is once again blocked. The second call to `sigprocmask` is necessary to explicitly unblock this signal.

One other point: you may be wondering why the `while` loop is necessary at all, since the program is apparently only waiting for one `SIGUSR1` signal. The answer is that the mask passed to `sigsuspend` permits the process to be woken up by the delivery of other kinds of signals, as well—for example, job control signals. If the process is woken up by a signal that doesn't set `usr_interrupt`, it just suspends itself again until the “right” kind of signal eventually arrives.

This technique takes a few more lines of preparation, but that is needed just once for each kind of wait criterion you want to use. The code that actually waits is just four lines.