##### 30.3.1.2 The `mtab` file

The following functions and data structure access the `mtab` file.

— Data Type: struct mntent

> This structure is used with the `getmntent`, `getmntent_t`, `addmntent`, and `hasmntopt` functions.

> `char *mnt_fsname`
>   This element contains a pointer to a string describing the name of the special device from which the filesystem is mounted. It corresponds to the `fs_spec` element in `struct fstab`.
> `char *mnt_dir`
>   This element points to a string describing the mount point of the filesystem. It corresponds to the `fs_file` element in `struct fstab`.
> `char *mnt_type`
>   `mnt_type` describes the filesystem type and is therefore equivalent to `fs_vfstype` in `struct fstab`. `mntent.h` defines a few symbolic names for some of the values this string can have. But since the kernel can support arbitrary filesystems it does not make much sense to give them symbolic names. If one knows the symbol name one also knows the filesystem name. Nevertheless here follows the list of the symbols provided in `mntent.h`.
>   `MNTTYPE_IGNORE`
>     This symbol expands to `"ignore"`. The value is sometime used in `fstab` files to make sure entries are not used without removing them.
>   `MNTTYPE_NFS`
>     Expands to `"nfs"`. Using this macro sometimes could make sense since it names the default NFS implementation, in case both version 2 and 3 are supported.
>   `MNTTYPE_SWAP`
>     This symbol expands to `"swap"`. It names the special `fstab` entry which names one of the possibly multiple swap partitions.
> `char *mnt_opts`
>   The element contains a string describing the options used while mounting the filesystem. As for the equivalent element `fs_mntops` of `struct fstab` it is best to use the function `getsubopt` (see Suboptions) to access the parts of this string.

>   The `mntent.h` file defines a number of macros with string values which correspond to some of the options understood by the kernel. There might be many more options which are possible so it doesn't make much sense to rely on these macros but to be consistent here is the list:

>   `MNTOPT_DEFAULTS`
>     Expands to `"defaults"`. This option should be used alone since it indicates all values for the customizable values are chosen to be the default.
>   `MNTOPT_RO`
>     Expands to `"ro"`. See the `FSTAB_RO` value, it means the filesystem is mounted read-only.
>   `MNTOPT_RW`
>     Expand to `"rw"`. See the `FSTAB_RW` value, it means the filesystem is mounted with read and write permissions.
>   `MNTOPT_SUID`
>     Expands to `"suid"`. This means that the SUID bit (see How Change Persona) is respected when a program from the filesystem is started.
>   `MNTOPT_NOSUID`
>     Expands to `"nosuid"`. This is the opposite of `MNTOPT_SUID`, the SUID bit for all files from the filesystem is ignored.
>   `MNTOPT_NOAUTO`
>     Expands to `"noauto"`. At startup time the `mount` program will ignore this entry if it is started with the `-a` option to mount all filesystems mentioned in the `fstab` file.

>   As for the `FSTAB_*` entries introduced above it is important to use `strcmp` to check for equality.

> `mnt_freq`
>   This elements corresponds to `fs_freq` and also specifies the frequency in days in which dumps are made.
> `mnt_passno`
>   This element is equivalent to `fs_passno` with the same meaning which is uninteresting for all programs beside `dump`.

For accessing the `mtab` file there is again a set of three functions to access all entries in a row. Unlike the functions to handle `fstab` these functions do not access a fixed file and there is even a thread safe variant of the get function. Beside this the GNU C Library contains functions to alter the file and test for specific options.

— Function: FILE * setmntent (const char *file, const char *mode)

> The `setmntent` function prepares the file named FILE which must be in the format of a `fstab` and `mtab` file for the upcoming processing through the other functions of the family. The mode parameter can be chosen in the way the opentype parameter for `fopen` (see Opening Streams) can be chosen. If the file is opened for writing the file is also allowed to be empty.

> If the file was successfully opened `setmntent` returns a file descriptor for future use. Otherwise the return value is `NULL` and `errno` is set accordingly.

— Function: int endmntent (FILE *stream)

> This function takes for the stream parameter a file handle which previously was returned from the `setmntent` call. `endmntent` closes the stream and frees all resources.

> The return value is 1 unless an error occurred in which case it is 0.

— Function: struct mntent * getmntent (FILE *stream)

> The `getmntent` function takes as the parameter a file handle previously returned by successful call to `setmntent`. It returns a pointer to a static variable of type `struct mntent` which is filled with the information from the next entry from the file currently read.

> The file format used prescribes the use of spaces or tab characters to separate the fields. This makes it harder to use name containing one of these characters (e.g., mount points using spaces). Therefore these characters are encoded in the files and the `getmntent` function takes care of the decoding while reading the entries back in. `'\040'` is used to encode a space character, `'\011'` to encode a tab character, `'\012'` to encode a newline character, and `'\\'` to encode a backslash.

> If there was an error or the end of the file is reached the return value is `NULL`.

> This function is not thread-safe since all calls to this function return a pointer to the same static variable. `getmntent_r` should be used in situations where multiple threads access the file.

— Function: struct mntent * getmntent_r (FILE *stream, struct mntent *result, char *buffer, int bufsize)

> The `getmntent_r` function is the reentrant variant of `getmntent`. It also returns the next entry from the file and returns a pointer. The actual variable the values are stored in is not static, though. Instead the function stores the values in the variable pointed to by the result parameter. Additional information (e.g., the strings pointed to by the elements of the result) are kept in the buffer of size bufsize pointed to by buffer.

> Escaped characters (space, tab, backslash) are converted back in the same way as it happens for `getmentent`.

> The function returns a `NULL` pointer in error cases. Errors could be:

> - error while reading the file,
> - end of file reached,
> - bufsize is too small for reading a complete new entry.

— Function: int addmntent (FILE *stream, const struct mntent *mnt)

> The `addmntent` function allows adding a new entry to the file previously opened with `setmntent`. The new entries are always appended. I.e., even if the position of the file descriptor is not at the end of the file this function does not overwrite an existing entry following the current position.

> The implication of this is that to remove an entry from a file one has to create a new file while leaving out the entry to be removed and after closing the file remove the old one and rename the new file to the chosen name.

> This function takes care of spaces and tab characters in the names to be written to the file. It converts them and the backslash character into the format describe in the `getmntent` description above.

> This function returns 0 in case the operation was successful. Otherwise the return value is 1 and `errno` is set appropriately.

— Function: char * hasmntopt (const struct mntent *mnt, const char *opt)

> This function can be used to check whether the string pointed to by the `mnt_opts` element of the variable pointed to by mnt contains the option opt. If this is true a pointer to the beginning of the option in the `mnt_opts` element is returned. If no such option exists the function returns `NULL`.

> This function is useful to test whether a specific option is present but when all options have to be processed one is better off with using the `getsubopt` function to iterate over all options in the string.