##### 16.6.2.3 Host Address Functions

These additional functions for manipulating Internet addresses are declared in the header file `arpa/inet.h`. They represent Internet addresses in network byte order, and network numbers and local-address-within-network numbers in host byte order. See Byte Order, for an explanation of network and host byte order.

— Function: int inet_aton (const char *name, struct in_addr *addr)

> Preliminary: | MT-Safe locale | AS-Safe | AC-Safe | See POSIX Safety Concepts.

> This function converts the IPv4 Internet host address name from the standard numbers-and-dots notation into binary data and stores it in the `struct in_addr` that addr points to. `inet_aton` returns nonzero if the address is valid, zero if not.

— Function: uint32_t inet_addr (const char *name)

> Preliminary: | MT-Safe locale | AS-Safe | AC-Safe | See POSIX Safety Concepts.

> This function converts the IPv4 Internet host address name from the standard numbers-and-dots notation into binary data. If the input is not valid, `inet_addr` returns `INADDR_NONE`. This is an obsolete interface to `inet_aton`, described immediately above. It is obsolete because `INADDR_NONE` is a valid address (255.255.255.255), and `inet_aton` provides a cleaner way to indicate error return.

— Function: uint32_t inet_network (const char *name)

> Preliminary: | MT-Safe locale | AS-Safe | AC-Safe | See POSIX Safety Concepts.

> This function extracts the network number from the address name, given in the standard numbers-and-dots notation. The returned address is in host order. If the input is not valid, `inet_network` returns `-1`.

> The function works only with traditional IPv4 class A, B and C network types. It doesn't work with classless addresses and shouldn't be used anymore.

— Function: char * inet_ntoa (struct in_addr addr)

> Preliminary: | MT-Safe locale | AS-Unsafe race | AC-Safe | See POSIX Safety Concepts.

> This function converts the IPv4 Internet host address addr to a string in the standard numbers-and-dots notation. The return value is a pointer into a statically-allocated buffer. Subsequent calls will overwrite the same buffer, so you should copy the string if you need to save it.

> In multi-threaded programs each thread has an own statically-allocated buffer. But still subsequent calls of `inet_ntoa` in the same thread will overwrite the result of the last call.

> Instead of `inet_ntoa` the newer function `inet_ntop` which is described below should be used since it handles both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses.

— Function: struct in_addr inet_makeaddr (uint32_t net, uint32_t local)

> Preliminary: | MT-Safe | AS-Safe | AC-Safe | See POSIX Safety Concepts.

> This function makes an IPv4 Internet host address by combining the network number net with the local-address-within-network number local.

— Function: uint32_t inet_lnaof (struct in_addr addr)

> Preliminary: | MT-Safe | AS-Safe | AC-Safe | See POSIX Safety Concepts.

> This function returns the local-address-within-network part of the Internet host address addr.

> The function works only with traditional IPv4 class A, B and C network types. It doesn't work with classless addresses and shouldn't be used anymore.

— Function: uint32_t inet_netof (struct in_addr addr)

> Preliminary: | MT-Safe | AS-Safe | AC-Safe | See POSIX Safety Concepts.

> This function returns the network number part of the Internet host address addr.

> The function works only with traditional IPv4 class A, B and C network types. It doesn't work with classless addresses and shouldn't be used anymore.

— Function: int inet_pton (int af, const char *cp, void *buf)

> Preliminary: | MT-Safe locale | AS-Safe | AC-Safe | See POSIX Safety Concepts.

> This function converts an Internet address (either IPv4 or IPv6) from presentation (textual) to network (binary) format. af should be either `AF_INET` or `AF_INET6`, as appropriate for the type of address being converted. cp is a pointer to the input string, and buf is a pointer to a buffer for the result. It is the caller's responsibility to make sure the buffer is large enough.

— Function: const char * inet_ntop (int af, const void *cp, char *buf, socklen_t len)

> Preliminary: | MT-Safe locale | AS-Safe | AC-Safe | See POSIX Safety Concepts.

> This function converts an Internet address (either IPv4 or IPv6) from network (binary) to presentation (textual) form. af should be either `AF_INET` or `AF_INET6`, as appropriate. cp is a pointer to the address to be converted. buf should be a pointer to a buffer to hold the result, and len is the length of this buffer. The return value from the function will be this buffer address.