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### 13.16 Interrupt-Driven Input

If you set the `O_ASYNC` status flag on a file descriptor (see File Status Flags), a `SIGIO` signal is sent whenever input or output becomes possible on that file descriptor. The process or process group to receive the signal can be selected by using the `F_SETOWN` command to the `fcntl` function. If the file descriptor is a socket, this also selects the recipient of `SIGURG` signals that are delivered when out-of-band data arrives on that socket; see Out-of-Band Data. (`SIGURG` is sent in any situation where `select` would report the socket as having an “exceptional condition”. See Waiting for I/O.)

If the file descriptor corresponds to a terminal device, then `SIGIO` signals are sent to the foreground process group of the terminal. See Job Control.

The symbols in this section are defined in the header file `fcntl.h`.

— Macro: int F_GETOWN

> This macro is used as the command argument to `fcntl`, to specify that it should get information about the process or process group to which `SIGIO` signals are sent. (For a terminal, this is actually the foreground process group ID, which you can get using `tcgetpgrp`; see Terminal Access Functions.)

> The return value is interpreted as a process ID; if negative, its absolute value is the process group ID.

> The following `errno` error condition is defined for this command:

> `EBADF`
>   The filedes argument is invalid.

— Macro: int F_SETOWN

> This macro is used as the command argument to `fcntl`, to specify that it should set the process or process group to which `SIGIO` signals are sent. This command requires a third argument of type `pid_t` to be passed to `fcntl`, so that the form of the call is:

>               fcntl (filedes, F_SETOWN, pid)

> The pid argument should be a process ID. You can also pass a negative number whose absolute value is a process group ID.

> The return value from `fcntl` with this command is -1 in case of error and some other value if successful. The following `errno` error conditions are defined for this command:

> `EBADF`
>   The filedes argument is invalid.
> `ESRCH`
>   There is no process or process group corresponding to pid.