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### 12.7 Simple Output by Characters or Lines

This section describes functions for performing character- and line-oriented output.

These narrow streams functions are declared in the header file `stdio.h` and the wide stream functions in `wchar.h`.

— Function: int fputc (int c, FILE *stream)

> The `fputc` function converts the character c to type `unsigned char`, and writes it to the stream stream. `EOF` is returned if a write error occurs; otherwise the character c is returned.

— Function: wint_t fputwc (wchar_t wc, FILE *stream)

> The `fputwc` function writes the wide character wc to the stream stream. `WEOF` is returned if a write error occurs; otherwise the character wc is returned.

— Function: int fputc_unlocked (int c, FILE *stream)

> The `fputc_unlocked` function is equivalent to the `fputc` function except that it does not implicitly lock the stream.

— Function: wint_t fputwc_unlocked (wchar_t wc, FILE *stream)

> The `fputwc_unlocked` function is equivalent to the `fputwc` function except that it does not implicitly lock the stream.

> This function is a GNU extension.

— Function: int putc (int c, FILE *stream)

> This is just like `fputc`, except that most systems implement it as a macro, making it faster. One consequence is that it may evaluate the stream argument more than once, which is an exception to the general rule for macros. `putc` is usually the best function to use for writing a single character.

— Function: wint_t putwc (wchar_t wc, FILE *stream)

> This is just like `fputwc`, except that it can be implement as a macro, making it faster. One consequence is that it may evaluate the stream argument more than once, which is an exception to the general rule for macros. `putwc` is usually the best function to use for writing a single wide character.

— Function: int putc_unlocked (int c, FILE *stream)

> The `putc_unlocked` function is equivalent to the `putc` function except that it does not implicitly lock the stream.

— Function: wint_t putwc_unlocked (wchar_t wc, FILE *stream)

> The `putwc_unlocked` function is equivalent to the `putwc` function except that it does not implicitly lock the stream.

> This function is a GNU extension.

— Function: int putchar (int c)

> The `putchar` function is equivalent to `putc` with `stdout` as the value of the stream argument.

— Function: wint_t putwchar (wchar_t wc)

> The `putwchar` function is equivalent to `putwc` with `stdout` as the value of the stream argument.

— Function: int putchar_unlocked (int c)

> The `putchar_unlocked` function is equivalent to the `putchar` function except that it does not implicitly lock the stream.

— Function: wint_t putwchar_unlocked (wchar_t wc)

> The `putwchar_unlocked` function is equivalent to the `putwchar` function except that it does not implicitly lock the stream.

> This function is a GNU extension.

— Function: int fputs (const char *s, FILE *stream)

> The function `fputs` writes the string s to the stream stream. The terminating null character is not written. This function does not add a newline character, either. It outputs only the characters in the string.

> This function returns `EOF` if a write error occurs, and otherwise a non-negative value.

> For example:

>               fputs ("Are ", stdout);
>               fputs ("you ", stdout);
>               fputs ("hungry?\n", stdout);

> outputs the text ‘`Are you hungry?`’ followed by a newline.

— Function: int fputws (const wchar_t *ws, FILE *stream)

> The function `fputws` writes the wide character string ws to the stream stream. The terminating null character is not written. This function does not add a newline character, either. It outputs only the characters in the string.

> This function returns `WEOF` if a write error occurs, and otherwise a non-negative value.

— Function: int fputs_unlocked (const char *s, FILE *stream)

> The `fputs_unlocked` function is equivalent to the `fputs` function except that it does not implicitly lock the stream.

> This function is a GNU extension.

— Function: int fputws_unlocked (const wchar_t *ws, FILE *stream)

> The `fputws_unlocked` function is equivalent to the `fputws` function except that it does not implicitly lock the stream.

> This function is a GNU extension.

— Function: int puts (const char *s)

> The `puts` function writes the string s to the stream `stdout` followed by a newline. The terminating null character of the string is not written. (Note that `fputs` does not write a newline as this function does.)

> `puts` is the most convenient function for printing simple messages. For example:

>               puts ("This is a message.");

> outputs the text ‘`This is a message.`’ followed by a newline.

— Function: int putw (int w, FILE *stream)

> This function writes the word w (that is, an `int`) to stream. It is provided for compatibility with SVID, but we recommend you use `fwrite` instead (see Block Input/Output).